Category — Vaginal Prolapse

(C) Lauri Romanzi, 2010

Pelvic organ prolapse, the medical term for vaginal bulges caused by damage to the connective tissues supporting the organs above and around the vagina (the uterus, bladder, rectum and vaginal opening), is a silent epidemic affecting women worldwide. Common terms include dropped bladder, dropped uterus, rectocele and vaginal laxity. Recent estimates using US Census population projections anticipate a 46 percent increase in pelvic organ prolapse among American women over the next 40 years, from 3.3 million in 2010 to 4.9 million. According to a recent study from Duke University, it is possible that the number of women with prolapse will be even greater than this, up to 9.2 million. Prolapse may occur to varying degrees in up to 50 percent of women who’ve given birth. Prolapse can even cause depression.

Childbirth contributes to most prolapse conditions, however genetics, medical disorders such as connective tissue disease, diabetes and obesity, and lifestyle habits have all been shown to contribute to pelvic organ prolapse risk. I’ve had many young women in their 30’s with prolapse who’ve never been pregnant, or found themselves suffering a dropped bladder after an easy and quick delivery of their first normal (or even low) weight baby. Even cesarean section is no guarantee against pelvic organ prolapse, with 5% of women in one recent study suffering severe, palpable and visible prolapse even though they delivered by cesarean section before going into labor. The role of Kegel fitness and Kegel exercise in the prevention of treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is just recently getting the research attention it deserves, and Kegel exercise may well play a role in prevention and treatment of prolapse. But for certain, if you suffer prolapse that looks like the image below, no amount of pelvic floor Kegel exercise, or any other kind of exercise, will pull your parts back into place.

Prolapse surgery often comes with a recommendation for hysterectomy, but the latest trends highlight new techniques that fix the prolapse just as well without removing the uterus. When the uterus prolapses it can be resuspended by one of several techniques, and the surgery holds up just as well as when a hysterectomy is included in prolapse repair surgery. This uterine resuspension concept is an exciting new option that allows many women to undergo prolapse repair surgery without removing any organs.

While many women with prolapse believe just one single body part is out of postion, most commonly, prolapse involves hernia-type displacement of several organs. When the bladder drops, formally called a cystocele (siss-toe-seal), it is often accompanied by a rectal bulge, called a rectocele (wreck-toe-seal).  Laxity at the vaginal opening, called a perineocele (pear-in-ee-oh-seal) results when the perineum loses connective tissue bulk as a result of childbirth.  Uterine prolapse is called, well, uterine prolapse. But behind a prolapsed uterus, it is common to find an internal small intestine hernia called an enterocele (en-tare-oh-seal).

When you put all these prolapse possibilities together at their absolute worst, it looks like this:

Courtesy WomensVoicesForChange.org

My role as guest blogger gives me the opportunity to demystify this deeply troubling malady.  For more information, check out this first of 2 posts on pelvic organ prolapse done for my friends at Sweet Talk on The Spot:

Dr R covers Prolapse, Part 1 for Sweet Talk on The Spot

To review Dr R’s book on prolapse, see www.plumbingandrenovations.com

If you have any questions, send in your comments on this post or post your own question to Ask Dr R.

(C) Lauri Romanzi, 2010

I recently read your book, “Plumbing and Renovations” and appreciated the way you talked about topics that are typically viewed as ‘taboo’ in a conversational and optimistic way. My question is: how do you know if you are experiencing uterine prolapse, as opposed to vaginal prolapse? And which one is a more serious condition?

Hello Orange County,

You ask an excellent question. Most commonly, vaginal and uterine prolapse occur together, because pelvic support of the uterus and vaginal walls are interdependent and vulnerable to the same prolapse-inducing forces. Neither would be “more serious” than the other, and each can occur to variable degrees, as, having read the book, you are likely aware. For women with prolapse, sometimes the different areas of prolapse alternate “taking the lead”, making things even more confusing for the woman with the condition. A careful examination in various positions (lying flat, standing and seated) with a prolapse specialist will give you all the answers. Thank you for your commentary!
Best Regards,
Dr. R

www.plumbingandrenovations.com

Dr. Romanzi, I had a partial hysterectomy (only uterus removed) in 1999 because of Fibroid Tumors, there were so many of them the doctor lost count. My problem is now my bladder is weak and I have constipation. I went to a doctor recently and he told me about vaginal prolaspe because he could see it when he examined me. I was told I did not have to have any more pap smears because of the partial hysterectomy. My doctor says the ligaments from the removal of my uterus may be attached to my intestine cause my constipation. I am so miserable, I lucky if I have two bowel movements in a week, and when I do they are so hard and very little is defecated. He said I could have surgery to remedy all this, oh yes, I initially went to him because I have a large cyst on my left ovary that is now causing discomfort. He said the size is the size of a golf ball, it was 7 it is now 4, the cyst was found September of 09. Please advise and thank you.

Hello Ms. C,
Your prolapse, constipation, bladder control problems, ovarian cyst and pain are certainly a complex mix of problems. I suggest that you work carefully with your doctor, so that you understand what is contributing to these symptoms and how surgery may help you. It is often helpful to see a constipation specialist or a general gastroenterologist, so that diet and medications may be tried for the constipation symptoms even before going to the operating room for the ovarian cyst and prolapse. You may also benefit from non-surgical therapies for the bladder control problems, and these therapies are sometimes helpful even before prolapse surgery.
Best Regards,
Dr. R